What is a herniated disc?
Between each vertebra sits a disc that works like a shock absorber: a firm outer ring (the annulus) around a gel-like center (the nucleus). With age, strain or injury, the ring can tear and the center can push out. When that material presses on a nerve root, it causes pain that travels away from the spine. It is sometimes called a slipped, ruptured or bulging disc.
Common symptoms
- Lumbar (low back): pain shooting down the buttock and leg (sciatica), numbness or tingling in the leg or foot, weakness in the foot or ankle.
- Cervical (neck): neck pain radiating into the shoulder blade, arm or hand, with numbness, tingling or grip weakness.
- Pain that worsens with sitting, bending, coughing or sneezing.
How we diagnose it
Dr. Ferachi starts with a detailed history and neurological exam, testing strength, reflexes and sensation to identify which nerve is involved. An MRI confirms the size and location of the herniation and whether it matches your symptoms. X-rays may be used to check alignment and stability.
Treatment options
Nonsurgical care first
Up to 90% of disc herniations improve within six to twelve weeks. Initial treatment may include activity modification, anti-inflammatory medication, a short course of oral steroids, physical therapy focused on core and spine mechanics, and epidural steroid injections to calm an inflamed nerve.
When surgery makes sense
Surgery is considered when leg or arm pain persists despite good conservative care, when weakness is progressing, or when pain prevents work and daily life. For most lumbar herniations, Dr. Ferachi performs a microendoscopic discectomy, removing only the fragment pressing on the nerve through a small tubular incision. Many patients go home the same day. Cervical herniations are often treated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).
Common questions
Will a herniated disc heal on its own?
Often, yes. The body can reabsorb herniated disc material over weeks to months, and most patients improve with time, therapy and medication. Surgery is reserved for persistent pain, progressive weakness or emergencies.
How long is recovery after a microdiscectomy?
Most patients walk the same day, return to desk work within one to two weeks, and resume heavier activity around six weeks, depending on their job and Dr. Ferachi's guidance.